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芸薹属B基因组包含许多在育种中有用的性状和基因, 然而它的研究却非常有限.为了创建全套甘蓝-黑芥单体异附加系来解析B基因组, 在本研究中我们针对芸薹属B基因组染色体创建了一套以SSR分子标记和FISH技术为核心的高效、快速、准确地鉴定和筛选体系.利用该体系, 我们在以异源三倍体杂种 (2n=26, CC.B) 作为母本, 用亲本甘蓝 (2n=18, CC) 作轮回亲本的回交后代中进行异附加系的鉴定和筛选.结果表明, 采用该体系能够准确的鉴定和筛选出在C基因组上附加的每一条B基因组染色体的单体异附加系 (2n=19, CC+1B1-8);并且效率很高, 仅回交3代我们就获得了7个不同的单体异附加系.创建的甘蓝-黑芥单体异附加系对于黑芥基因组结构和进化的研究以及优良性状的应用都具有重要价值.“,”Brassica B genome carries many useful genes and traits for breeding, but the studies on it are quite limited. To dissect the B genome by developing of a complete set of B. oleracea-nigra MAALs (monosomic alien addition lines), we created an efficient, rapid and accurate identification and screening system for the Brassica B genome chromosomes with SSR molecular markers and FISH as the core in this study. Using this system, we identified and screened MAALs in the backcross progenies of that the triploid F1 hybrid (2 n=26, CC. B) was used as the maternal parent and backcrossed successively to parental B. oleracea (2 n=18, CC). Results showed that the MAALs with each of eight different B-genome chromosomes added to C genome (2 n =19, CC+1 B1-8) could be accurately identified and screened by this identification and screening system. Moreover, the efficiency was very high that seven different MAALs were established just within 3 backcross generations. The MAALs of B. oleraceanigra would be valuable for exploiting the genome structure and evolution and using the useful traits of Brassica B genome.