论文部分内容阅读
N-甲基-D-天门冬氨酸受体(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors,NMDARs)是中枢神经系统中最重要的谷氨酸受体之一,属于配体和电压双门控的离子通道,由已知的7种亚单位(NR1、NR2A-D、NR3A-B)构成四聚体复合物且与细胞内骨架蛋白交互作用定位于神经元突触后膜致密区(post synaptic density,PSD),在神经元突触形成与维持、突触传递可塑性及学习和记忆等调节过程中起重要作用。过量谷氨酸对NMDARs的过度激活导致神经元损伤直至死亡可产生兴奋性神经毒。现已知NMDA受体的NR1、NR2B亚单位的选择性表达、亚单位异聚体组成以及亚单位磷酸化状态等均可影响NMDARs的功能从而在兴奋性神经毒过程发挥重要作用。本文对近期有关NMDARs NR2B亚单位结构生理特性、分布和功能性调节特点以及与兴奋性神经毒之间关系的研究进展做一综述。
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, NMDARs) is one of the most important glutamate receptors in the central nervous system, belonging to the ligand and voltage double gated Ion channels. Four known four subunits (NR1, NR2A-D, NR3A-B) form tetrameric complexes and interact with intracellular cytoskeleton to locate in post-synaptic density , PSD) play an important role in the regulation of neuronal synapse formation and maintenance, synaptic transmission plasticity and learning and memory. Excessive glutamate over-activation of NMDARs leads to neuronal damage until death can produce excitotoxicity. It is known that the selective expression of NR1, NR2B subunits of NMDA receptors, the composition of the subunits heteromers and the phosphorylation status of subunits can all affect the function of NMDARs and thus play an important role in excitatory neurotoxicity. This review summarizes recent advances in the study of the physiological characteristics, distribution and functional regulation of NMDARs NR2B subunits and their relationship to excitotoxicity.