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目的探讨塔克拉玛干“沙漠人”的生理特征及其与高血压低发病率的关系。方法所有资料都是通过现场问卷调查和体格检查获得。被调查人群共469人,其中“沙漠人”359人,男性205人,女性154人,年龄15～99岁。于田县维吾尔族101人,男性55人,女性50人,作为对照人群,年龄20～85岁。数据处理采用SAS9.1.3统计分析软件,组间比较用t检验。结果(1)结果表明,“沙漠人”男性、女性身高都明显高于对照组,P值分别为0.0317和<0.0001.“沙漠人”BMI明显小于对照组,P<0.05。相反,“沙漠人”男性、女性腰围明显小于对照组,P值分别为0.0027和<0.0001。(2)“沙漠人”收缩压和舒张压随年龄增长而升高,但均低于对照组,仅18～45岁和>60岁年龄组的收缩压水平较对照组有明显差异,P值分别为0.0127和0.0443。(3)“沙漠人”高血压患病率为7.0%(24/359),明显低于对照组30.7%(31/101)的高血压患病率。(4)“沙漠人”血糖、TG、TC、LDL-C、Apo-A、Apo-B水平低于对照组,P值均<0.02;18～45岁和>60岁年龄组的“沙漠人”血液中尿酸水平明显低于对照组,P值分别为0.0010和0.0051。46～60岁年龄组“沙漠人”的HDL-C水平明显高于对照组(P=0.0373)。(5)“沙漠人”血清IgG、IgA和IgM水平低于对照组,仅IgG,IgM有统计学差异。(6)问卷调查结果表明,“沙漠人”日常摄盐量甚低,很少有人吸烟(6/205男性)、无饮酒。结论低血糖、低血脂、低BMI的生理特征和低盐摄入,极少吸烟、无饮酒的生活方式,可能是“沙漠人”高血压患病率低的重要因素。
Objective To explore the physiological characteristics of Taklamakan desert people and its relationship with the low morbidity of hypertension. Methods All data were obtained through field surveys and physical examination. A total of 469 people were surveyed, of which 359 were desert people, 205 were males and 154 were females, aged 15-99 years. There are 101 Uighurs in Yutian County, 55 males and 50 females. As a control group, they are 20-85 years old. Data processing using SAS9.1.3 statistical analysis software, t test between groups. Results (1) The results showed that the height of male and female in “desert man” were significantly higher than that of the control group, with P values of 0.0317 and <0.0001 respectively. “Desert people” BMI was significantly lower than that of the control group, P <0.05. In contrast, the “desert” male, female waist circumference was significantly smaller than the control group, P values were 0.0027 and <0.0001. (2) The systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased with age but were lower than those in the control group. The systolic blood pressure levels in the age group of 18-45 and> 60 years old were significantly different from those in the control group, P values were 0.0127 and 0.0443, respectively. (3) The prevalence of hypertension in Desert people was 7.0% (24/359), which was significantly lower than the prevalence of hypertension in 30.7% (31/101) of the control group. (4) The levels of blood glucose, TG, TC, LDL-C, Apo-A and Apo-B in the desert people were lower than those in the control group The levels of uric acid in “Deserts” blood were significantly lower than those in the control group. The P values were 0.0010 and 0.0051.46 ~ 60 respectively. HDL-C levels in the “Deserts” were significantly higher than those in the control group (P = 0.0373) . (5) The levels of IgG, IgA and IgM in serum of “Desert Man” were lower than that of the control group, and only IgG and IgM were statistically different. (6) The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the daily intake of salt in Desert people was very low, few people smoked (6/205 males), and no drinking. Conclusion Physiological characteristics of hypoglycemia, hypolipidemia, low BMI, low salt intake, minimal smoking, and no drinking lifestyle may be the important factors of low prevalence of hypertension in “desert people”.