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●基本原则最惠国:《总协定》第一条,规定所有成员对其他世界贸易组织成员的产品和服务给予平等对待。但是,有些规定存在漏洞,允许成员为保护自身安全或公共健康而暂不履行这项义务。美国对古巴实行的贸易禁运就是这方面的例子。古巴是关税及贸易总协定的创设成员之一。美国对其实施贸易禁运的理由是,与这个共产党统治的岛国做生意可能危及美国的安全。世界贸易组织是一个由成员推动的组织,任何问题都要在成员一致同意下才能决定。原则上可以进行投票,但之前必须经过大多数成员同意, 世界贸易组织的秘书处——批评者常常将其描述为把贸
● Fundamental principles Most-favored nation: Article I of the GATT, which provides that all members give equal treatment to the products and services of other members of the World Trade Organization. However, there are loopholes in some of the rules that allow members to temporarily fail to fulfill their obligation to protect their own safety or public health. The U.S. embargo on Cuba is an example of this. Cuba is one of the founding members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. The reason the United States imposes a trade embargo on it is that doing business with the island nation ruled by the Communist Party could endanger the security of the United States. The World Trade Organization is a member-driven organization, and any issue must be decided by consensus of members. In principle, voting could take place, but most members must agree beforehand that the WTO secretariat, critics often describe it as a trade