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工作,不仅仅是拥有一个饭碗,往往还代表着一个人的尊严。眼下,中国有数以千万乃至上亿的人得不到这一尊严。还有数以千万的人面临丧失尊严的危险。缺乏尊严,无力捍卫自身尊严的人们不仅对于个体和社会都是重大损失,同时意味着社会风险的累积。宏观政策包含4大目标:经济增长、物价稳定、国际收支平衡以及充分就业。不过,鱼与熊掌常常不可兼得,是该取鱼呢还是熊掌?这在不同国家、不同时期常有不同的侧重。 1994年启动的宏观经济“软着陆”主要致力于治理通货膨胀。亚洲金融危机之后,宏观政策取向转向促进经济增长,为此政府通过采取积极的财政政策以及放松货币供应来保障这一政策取向的实现。然而,经济增长虽然有利于就业却并不直接等同于充分就业。随着就业压力不断增大,无论是从稳定的角度还是从社会公平与效率的角度,进入21世纪的中国宏观政策取向都有必要进行新的调整从促进增长转向充分就业。充分就业在中国当前是一个理想,是难以实现的神话。不过,重要的不是神话的实现,而是政府必须竭尽全力,做它所能够做到的最好一切。
Working, not just having a job, often also represents one’s dignity. Right now, there are tens or even hundreds of millions of people in China who do not have that dignity. Tens of millions of people are in danger of losing their dignity. Lack of dignity and inability to defend their dignity not only represent a significant loss to both individuals and society, but also mean the accumulation of social risk. Macroeconomic policy includes four major objectives: economic growth, price stability, balance of payments and full employment. However, the fish and bear’s paw often can not have both is to take fish or bear’s paw? This in different countries, different periods often have different emphases. The macroeconomic “soft landing” launched in 1994 focused on the control of inflation. After the Asian financial crisis, the macroeconomic policy orientation shifted to promoting economic growth. To this end, the government ensured this policy orientation by adopting a proactive fiscal policy and easing the money supply. However, although economic growth favors employment, it does not directly amount to full employment. With the increasing employment pressure, both from a stable perspective and from the perspective of social fairness and efficiency, it is necessary to make new adjustments in China’s macroeconomic policy orientation into the 21st century from promoting growth to full employment. Full employment in China is an ideal at present and a myth that is hard to come by. However, what matters is not the realization of the myth, but the government must make every effort to do the best it can.