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目的了解青海省儿童免疫规划疫苗接种现状,分析影响因素,提出改进建议,推动我省免疫规划工作的进一步发展。方法在全省7个地区采取两阶段按容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法,共调查2008-2009年出生儿童1 261名,接种记录按照卫生部标准进行统计。结果调查接种率分别为卡介苗(BCG)93.10%、脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗(OPV)91.67%、百白破联合疫苗(DPT)91.28%、麻疹减毒活疫苗(MV)91.12%、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)92.23%,五苗合格接种率为90.40%;流脑A群疫苗(MenA)84.14%、甲肝疫苗(HepA-l)82.71%,全省新增的甲肝、流脑疫苗接种率较低,大部分地区免疫规划疫苗接种率在85%以下。结论我省部分地区免疫规划疫苗接种率与国家规定目标以县为单位接种率>85%的要求相比仍有较大差距;加强免疫未得到很好地开展。部分地区流脑、甲肝疫苗纳入免疫规划实施进展缓慢。
Objective To understand the current situation of vaccination of children’s immunization program in Qinghai Province, analyze the influencing factors, propose suggestions for improvement and promote the further development of immunization planning in our province. Methods A total of 1 261 children born in 2008-2009 were investigated in two regions of China by PPS method. The inoculation records were collected according to the standards of Ministry of Health. Results The inoculation rates were 93.10% for BCG, 91.67% for live attenuated polio vaccine (OPV), 91.28% for diphtheria combined vaccine (DPT), 91.12% for live attenuated measles vaccine (MV) Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) was 92.23%, qualified vaccine rate was 90.40%; meningococcal group A vaccine (MenA) 84.14%, Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA-l) 82.71%, the province’s new hepatitis A, meningitis vaccination rate Lower, vaccination coverage for immunization programs in most areas is below 85%. Conclusion In some areas of our province, the vaccination rate of immunization programs still lags far behind the requirements of the state that the target rate of grafting is> 85% at county level. The boosted immunization is not well carried out. In some areas, progress in implementing immunization programs for meningitis and hepatitis A vaccines has been slow.