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目的了解不同类型及程度弱视儿童的立体视觉状况。设计回顾性对比临床分析。研究对象北京同仁医院眼科中心89例屈光不正性弱视、45例屈光参差性弱视及39例斜视性弱视儿童。方法采用颜少明随机立体检查图和同视机三级功能检查,对三种弱视儿童分别检测其近零视差立体视锐度、交叉视差及非交叉视差立体感知度、远立体视和融合范转。主要指标近零视差、交叉视差、非交叉视差、远立体视和融合范围。结果屈光不正性弱视及屈光参差性弱视儿童中,轻度弱视近零视差、交叉视差均优于中度弱视(P均<0.05);斜视性弱视儿童中,中度弱视远立体视优于重度弱视(P<0.05);轻度、中度屈光不正性弱视、屈光参差性弱视的远融合范围均无显著性差异,中度、重度斜视性弱视的远融合范围也无显著性差异(P均>0.05)。结论弱视影响儿童期立体视觉的发育,且随弱视程度加重而增加。对立体视觉的影响程度,屈光不正性弱视轻,斜视性弱视重,屈光参差性弱视介于二者之间。(眼科,2008,17:59-62)
Objective To understand the stereopsis of children with different types and degree of amblyopia. Design retrospective comparative clinical analysis. The study included 89 cases of refractive amblyopia, 45 cases of anisometropic amblyopia and 39 cases of strabismic amblyopia in Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center. Methods Using Yan Shaoming’s stereograms and the third-level functional tests, we detected the near-zero parallax stereopsis acuity, cross parallax and non-cross parallax stereopsis, far stereopsis and fusion paradigm in three kinds of amblyopia children respectively. The main indicators of nearly zero parallax, cross-parallax, non-cross-parallax, far stereopsis and fusion range. Results In children with ametropia and anisometropic amblyopia, mild amblyopia with near-zero parallax and cross-parallax were better than those with moderate amblyopia (all P <0.05). Among children with strabismic amblyopia, mild amblyopia with stereopsis (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the range of far fusion between mild and moderate anisometropic amblyopia and anisometropic amblyopia, and there was no significant difference in far fusion range of moderate and severe strabismic amblyopia Difference (all P> 0.05). Conclusion Amblyopia affects the development of stereopsis in childhood and increases with the degree of amblyopia. The extent of the impact of stereoscopic vision, ametropia amblyopia, strabismic amblyopia, anisometropia amblyopia in between the two. (Ophthalmology, 2008, 17: 59-62)