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在民国时代的康区,存在三种称谓当地土著族群的名称:“藏族”、“康族”和“博族”。这三种名称来自三种不同的政治力量,分别是民国中央政府、刘文辉领导的西康省政府和以格桑泽仁为代表的土著族群精英。本文将这三种称谓理解为三种话语,其间的分歧反映了三种具有不同的背景、立场与政治诉求的力量间的竞争。通过对这样一种“话语竞争”的分析,本文试图探寻一条理解民国时代康区的政治与族群进程的线索,展示在中国由传统王朝国家向现代民族国家转变的过程中,在国家政权建设与地方权力博弈的复杂互动中,“族群性”作为一种历史现象如何逐渐凸显出来,具有了新的政治意涵。
In the Kham area during the Republican era, there were three names of local indigenous groups: “Tibetan”, “Kang” and “Bo”. These three names come from three different political forces, namely the Central Government of the Republic of China, the government of Kham, led by Liu Wenhui, and the indigenous elite, represented by Gesang Zeren. This article interprets these three terms as three discourses, the differences between which reflect the competition among the three forces with different backgrounds, positions and political demands. Through the analysis of such a “discourse competition ”, this article attempts to explore a clues to understand the political and ethnic process of the Kham area during the Republic of China, demonstrating that in the process of China’s transition from a traditional dynasty to a modern nation-state, In the complex interaction between construction and local power game, how “ethnicity” gradually emerges as a historical phenomenon with new political meaning.