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民间药星宿菜疗效确切,使用广泛,为发掘这一民间药资源,该文建立了该药形态组织学方面的标准。笔者通过观察植物形态和药材性状、利用常规生药制片技术制片并鉴别组织构造特征等方法对其进行品种鉴别。形态观察发现植物叶的着生方式及雄蕊与雌蕊的特点可以作为《中国植物志》的完善补充。药材外观性状为全草类药材特点,主要包含根茎、茎及叶。首次报道的显微组织研究表明,根茎、茎、叶横切面、叶表面观及药材粉末特征明显且具有鉴定意义。根茎、茎横切面组织构造不发达,均有内皮层,分布许多分泌结构,根茎中存在有多种形状石细胞的厚壁组织。叶为异面叶,主脉部位韧皮部下方有纤维束,维管束和纤维束外侧有一列由薄壁细胞环绕形成的鞘。叶表面观中的气孔、腺毛、角质线纹等形态特征在上下表皮中存在差异。药材粉末特征中有腺毛、石细胞、导管等结构。综合分析认为,上述结果为星宿菜的形态组织特征,可以很好地鉴别该药。该形态组织学特征可以为星宿菜的种质鉴别和进一步开发应用奠定基础。
The folk medicine star dish is effective and widely used. To explore this folk medicine resource, this article established the standard of morphology and histology of this medicine. The author through the observation of plant morphology and medicinal properties, the use of conventional crude drug production technology and identification of tissue structure and other methods to identify their varieties. Morphological observation found that the way of plant leaves and the characteristics of stamens and pistils can be used as a perfect complement to “Flora of China”. The appearance characteristics of medicinal herbs for the whole plant characteristics, mainly rhizomes, stems and leaves. The first report of the microstructure studies showed that the rhizome, stem and leaf cross-section, the surface of the leaf and medicinal powder characteristics obvious and has the significance of identification. Rhizome, stem cross section of the organizational structure is underdeveloped, have endothelial layer, distribution of many secretion structure, there are many kinds of rhizome stone cells thick walled tissue. Leaf is a heterogeneous leaf, the main vein phloem below the fibrous bundles, vascular bundles and fiber bundles on the outside there is a column formed by the parenchyma surrounding the sheath. The morphological features of stomata, glandular hairs and horny streaks in the leaf surface are different in the upper and lower epidermis. Medicine powder features glandular hair, stone cells, catheters and other structures. Comprehensive analysis, the above results for the morphological characteristics of Hosta cuisine, can be a good identification of the drug. The morphological and histological features can provide a basis for the identification and further development and application of the genus Astragalus.