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妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)是妊娠期首次发生的糖代谢异常,是围产期常见的并发症之一,以妊娠中晚期多发,严重威胁母婴健康。近年来随着生活方式和饮食结构的改变,其发病率呈逐年上升趋势,患者糖代谢多数于产后恢复正常。妊娠期即使轻度血糖水平升高,剖宫产率、大于胎龄儿,新生儿低血糖、高胰岛素血症等疾病的风险也随着血糖水平的升高而增加。及早发现妊娠期糖尿病,及时将血糖控制在合理水平是改善妊娠不良结局的关键。GDM缺乏明显症状,由于GDM对母婴的影响主要取决于血糖水平,因此,如何进行GDM的血糖控制,保证血糖达标,对改善母婴结局尤为重要。若血糖控制不满意,母婴并发症会显著增加,不良妊娠结局的发生率将会增加。
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the first abnormal glucose metabolism during pregnancy. It is one of the most common complications during the perinatal period. It occurs frequently in the second trimester and threatens the health of mother and baby. In recent years, with the change of life style and diet structure, the incidence has been increasing year by year. Most patients with glucose metabolism return to normal after delivery. Even mild blood sugar levels during pregnancy, cesarean section rate, greater than gestational age children, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and other diseases also increase with the rise in blood glucose levels. Early detection of gestational diabetes, timely control of blood glucose at a reasonable level is to improve the adverse pregnancy outcome of the key. GDM lack of obvious symptoms, because the impact of GDM on mother and baby mainly depends on blood glucose levels, therefore, how to control blood sugar in GDM to ensure that blood glucose compliance is particularly important to improve maternal and child outcomes. If blood glucose control is not satisfied, maternal and child complications will be significantly increased, the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes will increase.