论文部分内容阅读
目的了解喀什维吾尔族孕妇膳食营养摄入状况,探讨其体内叶酸水平及其影响因素。方法于2014—2015年,以喀什地区358例维吾尔族孕妇为研究对象,采取3天24小时膳食回顾法进行膳食营养调查并采集血液标本;采用氰化高铁血红蛋白法测定血红蛋白(Hb),使用生物素双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测体内叶酸。将资料用V2.7.13营养计算器软件处理,与2013版《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)》进行比较。结果粮谷类、畜禽类和油脂摄入量基本达标,蔬菜水果类、蛋类、奶及奶制品和大豆及坚果类摄入偏低,鱼虾类摄入为(0.18±3.95)g,盐摄入偏高(9.03±3.97)。孕早期能量(101.19%)、蛋白质(107.87%)、钙(32.48%)、铁(195.30%)、锌(106.63%)、硒(55.77%)、碘(15.54%),维生素B1(87.50%)、维生素B2(60.00%)、维生素C(65.69%)、叶酸(13.21%);孕晚期能量(84.29%)、蛋白质(72.44%)、钙(27.77%)、铁(180.38%)、锌(121.16%)、硒(53.11%)、碘(11.26%),维生素B1(75.33%)、维生素B2(49.33%)、维生素C(57.37%)、叶酸(13.15%)。孕妇贫血总检出率为18.89%,血红蛋白平均值为(119.42±13.90)g/L。孕妇在早期与晚期的Hb水平和贫血检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);叶酸总缺乏检出率为75.42%,平均叶酸水平为(9.15±4.22)nmol/L,孕妇在早期和晚期的叶酸水平和叶酸缺乏检出率比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论喀什维吾尔族孕妇的膳食构成欠合理,蔬菜水果摄入不足,鱼虾类摄入严重缺乏,盐类摄入偏高。三大营养素供能比在适宜比例范围内;孕晚期的能量和蛋白质摄入低于DRIs,孕妇铁、锌摄入偏高,硒、维生素B2和C摄入不足,钙、碘和叶酸严重缺乏;孕妇贫血晚期较早期严重,孕期叶酸水平低、孕晚期低于早期。
Objective To understand the dietary intake of Uyghur pregnant women in Kashgar and to explore their folic acid levels and their influencing factors. Methods A total of 358 Uyghur pregnant women in Kashgar from 2014 to 2015 were enrolled in this study. Meal nutrition survey and blood samples were collected by a 24-hour three-day dietary review. Hb was measured by cyanmethemoglobin method, Serum folic acid was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data were processed using V2.7.13 nutrition calculator software and compared with the 2013 version of “Dietary Reference Intakes for Chinese People (DRIs)”. Results The intake of cereals, livestock, fats and oils basically reached the standard. The intake of vegetables and fruits, eggs, milk and dairy products, and soybeans and nuts were low, and the intake of fish and shrimp was (0.18 ± 3.95) g, High intake (9.03 ± 3.97). (101.19%), protein (107.87%), calcium (32.48%), iron (195.30%), zinc (106.63%), selenium (55.77%), iodine (15.54%) and vitamin B1 (87.50% , Vitamin B2 (60.00%), vitamin C (65.69%), folic acid (13.21%), third trimester energy (84.29%), protein (72.44%), calcium (27.77%), iron Selenium (53.11%), iodine (11.26%), vitamin B1 (75.33%), vitamin B2 (49.33%), vitamin C (57.37%) and folic acid (13.15%). The total detection rate of anemia in pregnant women was 18.89% and the average hemoglobin was (119.42 ± 13.90) g / L. (P <0.05). The detection rate of total folate deficiency was 75.42% and the average folic acid level was (9.15 ± 4.22) nmol / L, while the pregnant women had a significant difference in the detection rate of Hb level and anemia in pregnant women The early and late folic acid levels and folic acid deficiency detection rate differences were statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The dietary composition of Uighur pregnant women in Kashgar is not reasonable, the intake of fruits and vegetables is insufficient, the intake of fish and shrimp is seriously lacking, and the intake of salt is high. The ratio of energy supplied by the three nutrients was within the appropriate range. The energy and protein intake during the third trimester was lower than that of DRIs. High intake of iron and zinc in pregnant women, insufficient intake of selenium and vitamin B2 and C, severe deficiency of calcium, iodine and folic acid ; Late pregnant women with severe early stage, low levels of folic acid during pregnancy, lower third trimester of pregnancy.