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卢梭是十八世纪启蒙运动最卓越的代表人物之一,法国大革命的思想先驱。其著作《社会契约论》为十八世纪法国大革命和美国独立战争提供了理论纲领。为近代民主思潮和民主运动提供了一项重要的理论基础——主权在民,从而使得这部著作成为近代世界民主主义的一部福音书。本文从卢梭的直接民主观、人民主权论和自由观三个方面来对其政治哲学思想进行评析,来还原真实的卢梭思想,并从中汲取营养来对当下中国社会的发展提供一个研究视角。
Rousseau was one of the most prominent representatives of the Enlightenment in the 18th century, the forerunner of the French Revolution. His book Social Contract Theory provides a theoretical program for the French Revolution of the 18th century and the American Revolutionary War. Provided an important theoretical basis for the modern democratic trend of thought and the democratic movement - the sovereignty of the people so that this book could become a gospel of modern world democracy. This article reviews Rousseau’s ideas of political philosophy from three aspects: direct democracy, popular sovereignty and freedom, to restore the true Rousseau’s thought and derive nutrition from it to provide a research perspective on the development of contemporary Chinese society.