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目的观察氯化镉对雄性大鼠经口灌胃短期重复染毒的早期毒性损伤效应指标。方法无特定病原体级健康雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分成对照组和低、中、高剂量组。采用经口灌胃染毒方法,低、中、高剂量组大鼠分别予剂量为1.11、3.51和11.06 mg/kg体质量的氯化镉染毒,1次/d,连续4周;对照组予等体积超纯水处理。染毒期间称量大鼠体质量,观察其活动状况。实验结束后处死大鼠,检测其主要脏器系数、血常规、血清生化指标、尿中相关效应指标和骨密度指标。结果染毒期间,高剂量组大鼠出现活动减少、静卧多、行动迟缓和皮毛失去光泽等表现,第1~4周体质量均低于同时间点对照组(P<0.05)。染毒结束后,与对照组比较,高剂量组大鼠肾脏和脾脏的质量均下降(P<0.05),肝脏脏器系数升高(P<0.05);中和高剂量组大鼠血液、尿液、肝脏、肾脏和股骨中的镉水平均升高(P<0.05);低和中剂量组大鼠红细胞计数均升高(P<0.05);中和高剂量组大鼠血红蛋白水平均下降(P<0.05),高剂量组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活力升高(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,中剂量组大鼠尿中α_1-微球蛋白和β_2-微球蛋白水平均下降(P<0.05),尿素氮水平升高(P<0.05),但高剂量组大鼠上述指标均无出现有统计学意义的改变(P>0.05),且3个剂量组大鼠尿中N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶水平均无出现有统计学意义的改变(P>0.05)。高剂量组大鼠股骨质量、骨钙水平、中点骨密度和远端骨密度均低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论骨骼效应可作为氯化镉短期重复实验的早期毒性效应指标。
Objective To observe the early toxicological effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) on male rats subjected to repeated short-term oral gavage. Methods Forty healthy male SD rats without specific pathogen were randomly divided into control group and low, medium and high dose groups. Rats in low, medium and high dose groups were treated with cadmium chloride at the doses of 1.11, 3.51 and 11.06 mg / kg body weight once a day for 4 weeks. In the control group To the same volume of ultrapure water treatment. The body weight of rats was weighed during exposure to observe their activity status. After the experiment, the rats were sacrificed and their major organ coefficients, blood tests, serum biochemical indexes, urinary related effects indexes and bone mineral density indexes were measured. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight of the rats in the high-dose group decreased, the lying-in-the-rest, the delayed action and the luster of the fur disappeared during the exposure period. The body weights in the first to fourth week were lower than those in the control group at the same time point (P <0.05). At the end of exposure, the quality of kidney and spleen of rats in high dose group decreased (P <0.05) and the coefficient of liver organ increased (P <0.05) compared with control group. The blood and urine of rats in middle and high dose group (P <0.05). The levels of red blood cell (RBC) were increased in both low and middle dose groups (P <0.05). The levels of hemoglobin in the middle and high dose groups were decreased P <0.05). Serum alanine aminotransferase activity was increased in high dose group (P <0.05). Compared with the control group, urinary levels of α 1 -microglobulin and β 2-microglobulin in the middle-dose group decreased (P <0.05) and urea nitrogen levels increased (P <0.05), but in the high-dose group, (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference in urine N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase levels between the three groups (P> 0.05 ). The femoral mass, bone calcium level, midpoint bone density and distal bone density in high dose group were lower than those in control group (P <0.05). Conclusion Skeletal effect can be used as an indicator of early toxicity of short-term repeated experiments of cadmium chloride.