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根据选取的东北地区9个代表站1973--2003年的气象资料，应用Penman—Monteith公式计算了31年间逐月参考作物蒸发蒸腾量（ET0），对参考作物蒸发蒸腾量及气象要素的年际变化特征、月际变化特征及趋势进行了分析，应用统计检验方法分析了影响东北地区参考作物蒸发蒸腾量变化的主要气象因素。结果表明：近日年间东北地区ET0值呈现缓慢下降趋势，年内ET0值分布以5—8月份最高，1月份最低。影响ET0的主要气候要素为日照、风速和温度。“,”In this paper, based on the meteorological data of the nine represent stations in Northeast Region from 1973 to 2003, monthly reference evapotranspiration （ETo） was calculated by the Penman-Monteith formula, the characteristics and trend of ET0 and meteorological factors changed with year and month were analyzed, and the main factors affected ET0 were discussed with statistic method also. The results show that the ETo in Northeast Region is decreased slowly over the past 31 years. The ET0 is the high-est from May to August and that of in January is the lowest in the year. The sequences of the main factors affected ET0 are sun shine time, temperature and wind speed.