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为研究开采沉陷形成的地表变形对水工建筑或构筑物的影响,研制了可进行水下剪切的界面剪切试验系统。通过该试验系统,完成正交试验方法设计的界面剪切试验,研究土样的初始孔隙比、初始饱和度以及结构表面粗糙度对土-水工结构界面剪切力学性能的影响。试验表明:该系统能较好地模拟水下土-结构界面的主要物理力学特性;同时也可以实现普通直剪试验仪器的功能。对正交试验结果进行极差和方差分析的结果表明:在所设计的初始孔隙比范围内,其对界面剪切强度影响很小。初始饱和度对界面剪切强度的影响非常显著,而且饱和状态下是否采用水下剪切的方式对界面剪切强度是有影响的。结构表面粗糙度对界面剪切强度有影响,其影响规律需进一步研究。
In order to study the influence of surface deformation caused by subsidence on hydraulic structures or structures, an interface shear test system for underwater shear was developed. Through the experimental system, the interface shear test designed by orthogonal experimental method is completed, and the influence of the initial void ratio, initial saturation and the surface roughness of the soil sample on the shear mechanics performance of the soil-hydraulic structure interface is studied. Experiments show that the system can simulate the main physical-mechanical characteristics of underwater soil-structure interface and can also realize the function of ordinary direct-shear test apparatus. The results of range analysis and variance analysis of orthogonal test results show that: in the range of the initial porosity ratio designed, it has little effect on the interfacial shear strength. The effect of initial saturation on interfacial shear strength is very significant, and whether or not underwater shearing is used under saturated conditions has an influence on interfacial shear strength. Structural surface roughness has an influence on the interfacial shear strength, and its influence law needs further study.