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具有在结构上和功能上已经分化的器官系统的较高等生物,必须能协调在各器官或细胞之内以及在它们之间进行的生化过程,甚至在环境条件迅速变化的情况下也必须做到。在调节过程中激素起着一个重要作用;它们促进许多代谢反应和分化过程,同时它们作用的速度可以有很大的差别。有的激素通过激活腺苷酸环化酶从而引起腺苷3′,5′-单磷酸酯(环化AMP)的产生而几乎立刻发挥作用,环化AMP(第二信使)又通过改变酶的活力传递激素信息到细胞内代谢。迟缓作用的激素,主要是形态发生激素,首先作用于细胞核,在核中通过基因的激活,诱导某些酶的合成。
Higher organisms with structurally and functionally differentiated organ systems must be able to coordinate biochemical processes within and between various organs or cells, even under rapidly changing environmental conditions . Hormones play an important role in the regulation process; they promote many metabolic reactions and differentiation processes, and their speed of action can vary widely. Some hormones work almost immediately by activating adenylyl cyclase, which causes the production of adenosine 3 ’, 5’-monophosphate (cyclic AMP), which is in turn activated by altering the enzyme Vitality transmits hormonal information to the cell’s metabolism. Slowly acting hormones, mainly morphogenetic hormones, act primarily on the nucleus, where genes are activated in the nucleus to induce the synthesis of certain enzymes.