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建筑节能主要是通过对低能耗先进技术的采用和对高能耗落后技术的改造来达到节约能源的目的。建筑能耗主要包括生产能耗、施工能耗和日常能耗,而日常能耗要比生产和施工能耗高得多,因此降低日常能耗是建筑节能的重要途径。在建筑制品和预制构件的生产用能方面要把节约蒸汽做为一项重要内容,改进现有窑型的热工性能,在混凝土中引入某种化学物质,改变胶凝物质的矿物组成,或在混凝土拌和时加入某种化学物质,以达到混凝土的早强快硬,从而简化工艺,减少热养护;在施工用能方面要改善设备和系统用能,运用耗能低的设备,加强运行管理,提高其能量利用率;建筑物使用过程中的用能则要求改进建筑设计,尽量采用保温隔热措施,加强门窗的密闭性,提高围护结构的热工效能。正确选择锅炉,提高锅炉热效率,并充分利用工业余热和太阳能、地热、风能等自然能源,改善城市能源结构,这是建筑节能应当重视的问题。在实际工作中,对节能措施要认真地进行可行性研究,既重视节能技术效果,又重视经济效果,把节能效果和经济效果统一起来,认真进行技术方案和经济比较,把经济效果的论证作为决策的主要依据,克服以节能指标或能耗指标代替经济指标的倾向,同时要以整体系统的能耗作为节约的标准,切忌以减少一次性建筑节能的投资而忽视日常的大量能耗。
Building energy efficiency is mainly achieved through the adoption of advanced technologies with low energy consumption and the transformation of high energy consumption and backward technologies. Energy consumption of buildings mainly includes production energy consumption, construction energy consumption and daily energy consumption. However, daily energy consumption is much higher than that of production and construction. Therefore, reducing daily energy consumption is an important approach for building energy conservation. The use of steam in the production of building products and prefabricated components should be an important part of improving the thermal performance of existing kiln types, introducing certain chemical substances into the concrete, and changing the mineral composition of the cement material, or Adding a certain chemical substance during concrete mixing to achieve early strength and quickness of concrete, thereby simplifying the process and reducing heat conservation; To improve the energy use of equipment and systems in construction energy use, to use low energy consumption equipment, and to strengthen the operation management Improving the energy utilization rate; The use of energy during the construction of buildings requires the improvement of building design, the use of thermal insulation measures as much as possible, strengthening the hermeticity of doors and windows, and improving the thermal performance of the envelope structure. Correct selection of boilers, improvement of boiler thermal efficiency, and full use of industrial waste heat and natural energy such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, and improvement of urban energy structures are issues that should be taken seriously in building energy conservation. In practical work, we must seriously carry out feasibility studies on energy-saving measures, not only attaching importance to the effects of energy-saving technologies, but also paying attention to economic effects, bringing together energy-saving effects and economic effects, earnestly carrying out technical programs and economic comparisons, and taking the demonstration of economic effects as The main basis for decision-making is to overcome the tendency to replace economic indicators with energy saving indicators or energy consumption indicators. At the same time, the energy consumption of the overall system should be used as a saving standard. It should not be possible to neglect the daily large-scale energy consumption by reducing investment in one-time building energy conservation.