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在具有高度凝聚力同时又很少受到外界不同意见直接影响的高层决策组织,比较容易出现为保持意见一致而使不同意见、建议、要求或评论受到抑制的集体思维现象。这种集体决策时的倾向性思维方式,是导致重大决策失误的社会心理原因。说具体一些,有以下几种:(一)天衣无缝错误。即自信有余,自谦不足,不认为自己或“我们”有潜在危机。出现这种集体思维的集
At a high-level decision-making organization with a high degree of cohesion and with little direct influence from outside disagreements, there is a strong tendency for collective thinking to suppress dissenting opinions, suggestions, demands or comments in keeping with consensus. This tendency of thinking in collective decision-making is the social and psychological causes of major policy-making mistakes. Specifically, there are the following: (a) seamless mistakes. That is, self-confidence, self-humility, do not think they or “we” have a potential crisis. This collective set of thinking appears