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目的了解湖北省武汉市结核病疫情现状,为制定2011-2020年武汉市结核病防治规划提供依据。方法采用分层整群等比例随机抽样方法对5个流行病学抽样调查(简称“流调”)点≥15岁应检人口进行胸部X线检查,对所有应查痰对象进行痰涂片和痰培养检查。对所有调查对象进行结核病防治知识知晓情况问卷调查。结果调查对象实际受检率为96.3%,2010年≥15岁人群活动、涂阳和菌阳肺结核的患病率分别为436.3/10万,63.8/10万,178.5/10万。2000-2010年活动性肺结核患病率下降2.6%,年递降率为0.3%;涂阳肺结核患病率下降53.4%,年递降率为7.4%;菌阳肺结核患病率下降23.7%,年递降率为2.7%。疫情特点为男性患病率高于女性(活动性χ2=30.56,P<0.001;涂阳χ2=4.69,P=0.030;菌阳χ2=15.39,P<0.001),老年人活动性和菌阳结核病患病率高于非老年人(活动性χ2=7.83,P=0.007;菌阳χ2=3.98,P=0.046),城区活动性肺结核患病率高于农村(χ2=2.59,P=0.047)。公众结核病知识总知晓率为64.4%,≥65岁老年人总知晓率仅为53.3%,农民知晓率低于城镇居民。结论武汉市近10年来结核病疫情呈下降趋势,防治工作取得了一定的效果;武汉市结核病预防和控制工作仍有许多挑战,应继续提高防治水平。
Objective To understand the status quo of tuberculosis in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and to provide the basis for the formulation of tuberculosis prevention and control plan in Wuhan City from 2011 to 2020. Methods A stratified cluster was used to carry out chest X-ray examination on 5 epidemiological sampling points (referred to as “flow control ”) ≥ 15 years old. All sputum smear should be sputum-coated Film and sputum culture examination. Questionnaire survey on knowledge of TB prevention and treatment among all the respondents. Results The actual examination rate was 96.3%. In 2010, the prevalence of smear positive and bacillary positive pulmonary tuberculosis were 436.3 / lakh, 63.8 / lakh and 178.5 / lakh, respectively. The prevalence of active tuberculosis in 2000-2010 decreased by 2.6% and the annual decline rate was 0.3%. The prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 53.4% and the annual decline rate was 7.4%. The prevalence of bacillary positive pulmonary tuberculosis decreased by 23.7% The rate is 2.7%. The prevalence of the outbreak was higher in males than in females (χ2 = 30.56, P <0.001; smear positive χ2 = 4.69, P = 0.030; χ2 = 15.39, P <0.001) The prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas (χ2 = 2.59, P = 0.047). The prevalence of tuberculosis in urban areas was higher than that of non-elderly people (χ2 = 7.83, P = 0.007; The total public awareness of TB knowledge was 64.4%, and the total awareness rate of people aged 65 or older was only 53.3%. The awareness rate of farmers was lower than that of urban residents. Conclusion The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Wuhan has been declining in the recent 10 years, and the prevention and control work has achieved certain results. There are still many challenges in the prevention and control of tuberculosis in Wuhan, and the prevention and control of tuberculosis in Wuhan should continue to be improved.