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以高粱连作5年为对照(CK),研究了高粱连作3年轮作苜蓿(T_1)和葱(T_2),对下茬高粱生长、根际土壤微生物及土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:与CK相比,轮作改善了高粱地上部的生长;T_1增产16.5%,效果明显.轮作也促进了高粱根系的生长,T_1和T_2处理的高粱总根长是CK的1.3和1.4倍,根总表面积是CK的1.6和1.5倍,根体积是CK的2.2和1.6倍,根系生物量是CK的2.0和1.3倍,T_1促进了根系在10 cm以下土层中的分布.借助Biolog法对穗花期根际土壤微生物群落功能多样性分析表明,T_1和T_2处理根际土壤微生物活性显著高于CK,且Shannon多样性指数分别是CK的1.2和1.1倍;轮作提高了根际土壤蔗糖酶活性.综上,轮作苜蓿比轮作葱更能改善高粱根际土壤环境,提高土壤微生物活性和酶活性,控制高粱连作障碍,提高高粱产量.
The effect of continuous cropping of sorghum for three years on alfalfa (T_1) and onion (T_2) was studied on the growth of sorghum, soil microbes and soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere after five years of continuous cropping with sorghum (CK) The crop rotation improved the growth of the upper part of sorghum, and the yield was increased by 16.5% at T_1. The rotation also promoted the growth of sorghum root. The total root length of sorghum treated with T_1 and T_2 was 1.3 and 1.4 times of that of CK, 1.6 and 1.5 times of CK, 2.2 and 1.6 times of CK and 2.0 and 1.3 times of CK, respectively, while T 1 promoted the distribution of roots in the soil below 10 cm. The analysis of functional diversity of soil microbial community showed that rhizosphere soil microbial activity was significantly higher than that of CK, and Shannon’s diversity index was 1.2 and 1.1 times that of CK, respectively. The rotation increased the activity of invertase in the rhizospheric soil.In summary, Rotation of alfalfa than onions can improve sorghum rhizosphere soil environment, improve soil microbial activity and enzyme activity, control sorghum continuous cropping obstacles and improve sorghum yield.