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偶极矩作为物质结构的一个重要概念在无机、有机、结构等化学课程里均有论述。偶极矩的应用之一是作为原子或基团的诱导效应强弱判据。国内某些教科书运用卤甲烷的偶极矩数据得出卤原子的负诱导效应(-I)次序为Cl>F>Br>I。与通常的看法(-I):F>Cl>Br>I不同,这种诱导效应的反常是源于某些偶极矩的反常,笔者发现这种反常现象有一定的普遍性。本文旨在对偶极矩的某些规律进行认识并试图解释。
Dipole moment as an important concept of material structure in inorganic, organic, structural and other chemical courses are discussed. One of the applications of dipole moment is the criterion of the inducing effect as an atom or a group. In some domestic textbooks, the negative induction effect of halogen atoms (-I) is obtained using the dipole moment data of methyl halides as Cl> F> Br> I. Contrary to common belief (-I), F> Cl> Br> I, the anomaly of this induction is due to the anomalies of some dipole moments. The author finds that this anomaly has some universality. The purpose of this paper is to understand and try to explain some of the laws of dipole moment.