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中国曾经是领先世界文明的古老国度之一,然而18、19世纪在中国出现的有利于现代化发展的因素却不能够引导中国实现现代化。中国现代化进程中的步履蹒跚是多重复杂因素相互作用的结果,导致这一困境的根源则在于中国所具有的独特思维模式。在政教一体化的社会中,儒教意识形态对思维的局限使得中国人的行为难以跳出窠臼,摆脱意识形态对政治、科技和经济的掌控,从而导致中国近代的现代化困境重重。
China used to be one of the oldest countries that led the world in civilization. However, the favorable factors for the modernization that emerged in China in the 18th and 19th centuries can not guide China’s modernization. The faltering in the process of China’s modernization is the result of the interaction of multiple and complex factors. The root cause of this dilemma lies in the unique mode of thinking China has. In a society where the state and religion are integrated, the limitation of thinking by Confucian ideology makes it hard for Chinese to jump out of their own ways and get rid of their control over politics, science and technology and economy, resulting in the predicament of modernization in modern China.