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全国每年有亿万人接种生物制品,异常反应病例逐渐增多。本文简要介绍常用生物制品预防接种中较常见的异常反应,以供参考。一、预防接种异常反应的主要临床表现与处理原则 (一)局部化脓:接种后局部出现化脓时,首先应区别是无菌化脓还是感染化脓。前者通常于接种后7～14天出现,红、肿、热、痛不显著,可用热敷促进吸收,脓液多时用无菌注射器将其抽出,切忌切开排脓;后者多在接种3～5天出现,红、肿、热、痛等症状明显,以抗感染为主,应切开排脓。 (二)晕厥:俗称“晕针”,并非接种所特有。少数人在接种过程中或接种后,出现心慌、恶心、手足发麻等症状,较重者面色苍白、恶心呕吐、出冷汗、
Hundreds of millions of people in the country are vaccinated with biological products every year, and the number of abnormal reactions gradually increases. This article briefly introduces the more common abnormal reactions in vaccination of common biological products for reference. First, the main clinical manifestations and treatment of abnormal response to vaccination principles (A) local purulence: After the local emergence of sepsis, the first difference should be sterile purulent or infected suppuration. The former usually appear 7 to 14 days after inoculation, red, swollen, hot, pain is not significant, can be used to promote heat absorption, pus and often with a sterile syringe to be pulled out, should not cut the drain; the latter inoculation 3 ~ 5 days, red, swollen, hot, pain and other symptoms were obvious to anti-infection, should cut off the pus. (B) syncope: commonly known as “fainting” is not unique to vaccination. A few people in the vaccination process or after vaccination, there palpitation, nausea, numbness and other symptoms, heavier pale, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat,