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Radiotherapy has been one of the three main therapeutic measures of malignant tumor. At present about more than 70% malignant tumor sufferers need radiotherpy in China. But because of side-effects, such as radiation reaction or radiation damage, it disturbs the curing of tumor. Hence a varieties of chemical and biological medicines for preventing and treating adverse effects of radiotherapy have been produced, amo ng them, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) also plays its active role. Here a preliminary exploration on m echanism of CHM in preventing and treating side-effects of radiotherapy on hematopoiet ic and immune system in recent years is presented.