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进口高质量中间品是发展中国家实现技术追赶的重要途径;贸易自由化会降低进口高质量中间产品的贸易成本和相对价格,促进企业进口中间品质量升级。基于此,本文利用细分关税数据、海关数据和工业企业数据,将加工贸易作为控制组、一般贸易作为处理组,采用倍差法经验分析贸易自由化对中国企业进口中间品质量的影响。结论发现:伴随关税下降,中国企业进口中间品质量整体增长,且一般贸易组增长速度远快于加工贸易组。同加工贸易相比,关税下降1%一般贸易进口中间品质量增长高出0.06%~3.74%。这一作用在持续进口企业中,在基础设施完善、市场化水平高、经济集聚程度高的地区更明显。上述结论通过了同趋势假设、内生性等一系列稳健性检验。
Importing high-quality intermediate goods is an important way for developing countries to catch up with technology. Trade liberalization will lower the trade costs and relative prices of imported high-quality intermediate products and promote the upgrading of the quality of intermediate imports of enterprises. Based on this, this article uses the processing trade as the control group and the general trade as the processing group by using the subdivision of customs data, customs data and industrial enterprises data. The paper analyzes the impact of trade liberalization on the quality of Chinese imports of intermediate products by adopting the multiple-difference method. The conclusion is that with the reduction of tariffs, the overall quality of Chinese imports of intermediate products will increase, and the general trade group will grow much faster than the processing trade group. Compared with the processing trade, tariffs fell 1% General trade imports of intermediate products increased by 0.06% ~ 3.74% higher quality. This role is more evident in the areas where imported enterprises are continuously importing, with better infrastructure, higher marketization levels and a high degree of economic agglomeration. The above conclusion passed the same trend hypothesis, endogenous and a series of robustness test.