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禁忌是民间风俗惯习中一种较为低级的社会控制形式,它有一套完整的预知(俗谓之“掐算”)、禁忌(俗谓之“忌讳”),禳解(俗谓之“破解”)系统,代表了民间社群内一种约定俗成的禁约力量和一种共同的以广大群众为基础的文化现象。尽管它的思维方式是原始的、宗教的、非科学的,有些甚至是迷信的、反动的、但是,其中有些来自民间对人生、生活的教训的总结和记取的内容,却包含着一定的科学道理。通过对这类禁忌内容的研究,可以看到民间特有的一些防病治病的方式方法,以及这些禁忌给人们生活带来的影响及其它们在医学发展中的地位与世代相传的人文价值。本文主要以山东民间至今流行的民间婚育、饮食禁忌为例,探讨其中所包含的医学原理。
Taboo is a relatively low-level form of social control in folk customs. It has a complete set of predictions (“pinch count”), taboo (taboo) ) System, which represents a conventionally banning force within the civil society and a common cultural phenomenon based on the broad masses. Although its way of thinking is primitive, religious, non-scientific, and some even superstitious and reactionary, some of them come from the folk’s summary of the lessons of life and life and the contents of the book, but they contain a certain amount of science reason. Through the study of these taboos, we can see some ways and means of prevention and treatment that are unique to the people, as well as the impact of these taboos on people’s lives and their humanistic values from generation to generation in the development of medicine. This article mainly takes folk contraception, diet taboo as an example, and probes into the medical principle contained in it.