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为了保证果树砧木种子质量和确定适宜的播种量,在种子层积处理或播种前需对种子生活力进行鉴定,特别是对外购种子尤为必要。常用的鉴定方法主要有四种: 一、目测法籽粒饱满,千粒重高,无病虫害感染,无发霉气味,种皮有光泽,剥去种皮后,种仁(胚和子叶)呈乳白色,不透明,压之有弹性、不出油,为有生活力的种子。反之,则为失去生活力的种子。二、染色法将种子浸入水中12～24小时,使种皮柔软(核桃、毛桃、山杏等硬核种子需轻轻砸碎外壳),然后细心剥去种皮,放入染色剂(5％红墨水或0.1％靛蓝胭脂红或0.1％曙红溶液)中,染色2～4小时,再将种子取出,用清水冲洗。凡种仁全部染色或者胚着色者,为无生活力的种子;子叶染色而胚未染色,胚或子叶部分染色者,为生活力较差的种子:胚和子叶没有染色的为有生活力的种子。
In order to ensure the seed quality of fruit tree rootstocks and determine the proper seeding rate, seed vigor should be identified before seed stratification treatment or sowing, especially for purchased seeds. Commonly used identification methods are mainly four: First, the visual method full of grain, grain weight high, no pests and diseases, no moldy smell, seed coat shiny, stripped of seed coat, seed kernels (embryos and cotyledons) milky white, opaque, Elastic pressure, no oil, a viable seed. On the contrary, it is the seeds of loss of vitality. Second, the staining method The seeds immersed in water for 12 to 24 hours, so that the seed coat is soft (walnut, peach, apricot and other hard seeds need to be smashed shell), and then carefully peel the seed coat into the dye (5% Red ink or 0.1% indigo carmine or 0.1% eosin solution) for 2 to 4 hours, remove the seeds, and rinse with clean water. All seeds stained or embryo stained are inanimate seeds; cotyledons stained but embryo undyed, embryo or cotyledon partial stained, are less viable seeds: embryos and cotyledons are non-stained for viability seed.