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原生地震裂缝(地震断层)的确定在地震考察中占有重要地位。几乎所有地震造成的地表裂缝均以次生裂缝(主要有边坡裂缝和沙土液化引起的地表裂缝)在数量上占优势。为了从大量次生裂缝中区分出原生裂缝,作者从讨论原、次生裂缝的一般含意入手,指出边坡裂缝同原生裂缝的根本区别之一在于是否受地形影响。因此,作者依据岩石力学的研究成果,引入判断边坡稳定性的投影方法用于鉴定裂缝是否受地形影响,从而确定是否原生裂缝。在地形平坦处的松散沉积物中,必须注意沙土液化引起地基局部沉陷和液化滑坡所发育的地表裂缝同原生裂缝的差异。为了解释本文提出的方法和说明观测中的要点,列举了磨黑地震中的两组裂缝。本文中还提出了裂缝应力分析的投影方法。
The determination of primary earthquake fracture (earthquake fault) plays an important role in the earthquake investigation. Almost all the earthquakes caused by earthquakes are dominated by secondary cracks (mainly the cracks in the slope and surface cracks caused by sand liquefaction). In order to distinguish primary cracks from a large number of secondary cracks, the author starts with discussing the general meaning of primary and secondary cracks, pointing out that one of the fundamental differences between slope cracks and primary cracks is whether they are affected by the terrain. Therefore, based on the research results of rock mechanics, the author introduced the projection method to judge the slope stability to identify whether the fracture is affected by the terrain, so as to determine whether the original fracture. In the loose sediments of the flat terrain, attention must be paid to the difference between the surface cracks developed by the liquefaction landslides and the local cracks caused by liquefaction of sandy soil. In order to explain the method proposed in this paper and explain the main points in the observation, two groups of cracks in the black earthquakes are listed. In this paper, the projection method of fracture stress analysis is also proposed.