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海洋是一个多组份的巨大的pH缓冲体系。由于多元酸盐及弱酸盐的水解,海水呈弱碱性,并使其维持在7.50—8.40pH之间,其数值的高低主要取决于CO_2系统的平衡关系: CO_2+H_2O(?)H_zCO_3(?)H+HCO_3+2H~++CO_3~(-2)其他弱酸盐及多元酸盐的水解平衡对海水pH值亦有影响,但在一般情况下不起主要作用。在河口港湾区,水体pH的变化除受弱酸盐及多元酸盐水解平衡影响外,还受大陆径流、人类活动、潮汐运动及水生生物活动等的影响,因此其pH的变化一般较大洋的大且复杂。
The ocean is a multi-component, huge pH buffer system. Due to the hydrolysis of polybasic acid salts and weak acid salts, the seawater is weakly alkaline and maintained at between 7.50-8.40 pH, the value of which depends on the equilibrium relationship of CO 2 system: CO 2 + H 2 O (?) H_zCO 3 ( ?) H + HCO 3 + 2H ~ ++ CO 3 - (-2) The balance of hydrolysis of other salts of weak acids and polybasic acids also has an effect on the pH of seawater, but it does not play a major role under normal circumstances. In estuarine and estuarine estuary, the change of pH in the water is affected by not only the balance of weak acid salt and polybasic acid salt, but also the influence of continental runoff, human activities, tidal movements and aquatic biological activities, Big and complicated.