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有关统计表明,越勤劳的国家,人均 GDP反而越低。当一国的制度机制不利于 市场交易时,人们的相当一部分勤劳是 为了对冲制度成本。 制度经济学关注的核心是产权保护 与合约执行机制。这个听起来似乎很狭 窄的主题实际上涵盖了一国制度的方方 面面,包括法治、政府权力与制衡结构、 司法独立等等。这两个中心命题是经济 深化发展的必要前提。如果没有可靠的 产权与合约权益保护制度,人们就无法 预期从事市场交易、从事投资的结果,也 不知道从交易、投资中获得的利益能否 属于自己。而经营、交易结果的不确定性 将迫使人们停止交易、不愿作出投资。
Relevant statistics show that the more industrious countries, the lower per capita GDP instead. When a country’s institutional mechanism is not conducive to market transactions, a considerable part of people’s hard work is to hedge system costs. The focus of institutional economics is the mechanism of property protection and contract enforcement. This seemingly narrow theme actually covers all aspects of a country’s system, including the rule of law, the government’s power and checks and balances, the independence of the judiciary, and more. These two central propositions are the necessary preconditions for deepening economic development. Without a credible system of property rights and contractual rights protection, people can not expect to engage in market transactions, invest in the results, and do not know whether the benefits gained from trading or investment can belong to themselves. Uncertainty about operating and trading results will force people to stop trading and refuse to make any investment.