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微RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类在分子进化中十分保守的非编码RNA,长度约22个核苷酸,一般情况下它在转录后水平抑制基因表达。miRNA在细胞增殖、分化、凋亡等诸多生理过程中发挥着重要作用。有些miRNA具有组织特异性表达,其中miR-206是目前发现的唯一在骨骼肌中特异表达的miRNA,它在调节骨骼肌发生过程中扮演重要角色。miR-206表达异常与一些肌肉相关疾病如肌肉营养不良、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症等有关。此外,在Texel羊中,myostatin基因的一个点突变就产生了一个miR-206和miR-1的靶点,抑制了myostain基因的表达,从而产生了双肌表型。因此,miR-206有可能成为治疗肌肉相关疾病和畜禽改良育种的重要候选分子。
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs that are very conserved in molecular evolution and are about 22 nucleotides in length. Normally they inhibit gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNA plays an important role in many physiological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Some miRNAs have tissue-specific expression. Among them, miRNA-206 is the only miRNA that is currently found in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in the regulation of skeletal muscle development. Abnormality of miR-206 expression is associated with some muscle-related diseases such as muscular dystrophy and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In addition, a point mutation in the myostatin gene in the Texel sheep produces a target for miR-206 and miR-1, inhibits myostain gene expression, and produces a double-muscle phenotype. Therefore, miR-206 may be an important candidate for the treatment of muscle-related diseases and improved breeding of livestock.