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我国城镇职工社会保障包括养老保险、失业保险、医疗保险、女工生育保险和工伤保险等方面。这些方面是一个有机整体,相互之间存在着紧密的相关联系。例如,退休年龄对失业规模产生实质性的影响,失业规模又决定着失业保障基金的筹集规模;医疗保险既包括退休人员、失业人员的医疗保险,又包含着女工生育保险并涉及到工伤保险问题;各方面保险基金的筹集规模既要考虑到自身需要,又要考虑到国家、企业、职工个人对总的筹集规模的承受能力。因此,必须以系统工程的观念和方法对各方面的保险政策统筹设计,做到政策衔接,体制统一、规模适当;必须避免从单个险种出发孤立地设计方案,造成难以挽回的摩擦、矛盾。
China’s urban workers social security, including pension insurance, unemployment insurance, medical insurance, women’s maternity insurance and work injury insurance and so on. These aspects are an organic whole and are closely related to each other. For example, the retirement age has a substantial effect on the size of the unemployment and the size of the unemployment determines the scale of the fund for raising unemployment insurance. The medical insurance covers both medical insurance for retirees and unemployed workers as well as female workers’ maternity insurance and industrial injury insurance ; In all aspects, the scale of raising insurance funds needs to take into account not only its own needs but also the affordability of the state, enterprises and individual employees to the total scale of the fund-raising. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically design various aspects of insurance policies based on the concepts and methods of systems engineering so as to achieve the convergence of policies, uniform systems and proper scale. It is necessary to avoid isolating design plans from a single type of insurance and create irreparable friction and contradictions.