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目的了解沈阳市、武汉市、成都市、广州市中小学生家长的饮食行为状况,为进一步开展饮食行为干预措施提供基础资料依据。方法分层随机整群抽取沈阳市、武汉市、成都市、广州市13 805名中小学生家长进行饮食行为的问卷调查。结果 70.7%的学生家长能保证每天都吃早餐,但其中仅有18.0%的家长早餐营养良好。4所城市学生家长每周吃早餐次数及早餐营养状况差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为117.872,259.788,P值均<0.05)。学生家长吃西式快餐的频率≥1次/月的占34.3%,各城市学生家长间差异有统计学意义(χ2=146.958,P<0.05)。学生家长每周至少吃1次零食、饮料比例分别为78.3%,59.5%,零食、饮料每周消费次数构成各城市差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为182.53,136.381,P值均<0.05)。学生家长常吃的5种零食依次为新鲜蔬果、谷类、坚果、奶制品、豆制品,常喝的5种饮料依次为茶水、茶饮料、碳酸饮料、果蔬汁饮料、鲜榨果蔬汁。结论四城市学生家长存在早餐结构不合理,消费西式快餐、不健康零食及饮料等现象,因此应加强营养教育。
Objective To understand the dietary behaviors of parents of elementary and middle school students in Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu and Guangzhou and to provide basic information for further intervention in dietary behaviors. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling questionnaire was conducted among 13 805 primary and secondary school students in Shenyang, Wuhan, Chengdu and Guangzhou. Results 70.7% of parents of students guaranteed breakfast every day, but only 18% of parents enjoyed good breakfast. There were significant differences in breakfast times and breakfast nutritional status among parents in 4 cities (χ2 = 117.872, 259.788, P <0.05 respectively). Parents who eat Western fast food more than once / month accounted for 34.3% of the total. There was significant difference between parents in each city (χ2 = 146.958, P <0.05). Parents at least once a week to eat snacks, drinks, respectively, the proportion of 78.3%, 59.5%, snacks, drinks weekly consumption constitute the city differences were statistically significant (χ2 values were 182.53,136.381, P <0.05 ). The five kinds of snacks commonly eaten by parents include fresh fruits and vegetables, cereals, nuts, dairy products, soy products and regular drinks, followed by tea drinks, carbonated drinks, fruit and vegetable juice drinks and freshly squeezed fruit and vegetable juices. Conclusion The parents of students in the four cities have the phenomenon of irrational breakfast structure, consumption of western fast food, unhealthy snacks and beverages, therefore, nutrition education should be strengthened.