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对海上事故性流出油的处理至今尚无完全可靠和有效的技术措施,特别是在恶劣气象条件下处理外海的流出油事故更为困难。目前,一般现代化港口都已配备有一定数量的应急和预防器材;以防止船舶和港口流出油事故的发生。其中以围油栏和回收油器材最为常见。围油栏是防止流出油扩散、侵入和便于回收处理用的器材,在欧美称之为油栅(Oil Boom)或油障(Oil barrier),日本称之为栏油栅( )。围油栏主要有三种型式:①浮上式一设有固定浮体或气囊,使围油栏浮于水面以利港口码头泊位和海上流出油事故的预防或应急处理之用;②浮沉式一平时沉于海底、工作时浮于水面,
To date, no reliable and effective technical measures have been taken to deal with the accidental outflow of oil at sea. In particular, it is more difficult to deal with the outflow of oil from the sea in adverse weather conditions. At present, a number of emergency and preventive equipment have been provided to the general modernized ports to prevent the occurrence of oil spills from ships and ports. One of the most common booms and oil recovery equipment. Boom is to prevent the outflow of oil diffusion, intrusion and easy recycling equipment used in Europe and the United States called the oil boom (Oil Boom) or the oil barrier (Oil barrier), Japan called the bar oil fence (). There are three main types of booms: ① Floating type with a fixed buoy or air bag, so that booms floats to facilitate the port berth and offshore oil outbreaks of accident prevention or emergency treatment purposes; At the bottom of the sea, floating at work,