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在空间目标探测中,由于远距离、小目标的特点,回波信号十分微弱,传统的激光雷达不能很好地探测如此微弱的信号。而且现在空间目标探测不仅需要距离信息,还希望获得目标的强度、偏振等更加多维的信息。提出了基于Gm-APD单光子灵敏度探测器的四路光子偏振探测系统,以GmAPD探测器的泊松概率响应模型为基础,推导了回波微弱信号的强度解算公式,通过四路的强度解算出回波信号的偏振信息,在实验室搭建了四路Gm-APD光子偏振探测系统的原理样机,并介绍了四路Gm-APD光子斯托克斯参量的探测实验。在平均每个脉冲回波能量为7.78×10-19 J的情况下,获得3.95%的线偏振误差和5.84%的椭圆偏振误差的探测结果。
In space target detection, due to the characteristics of long-range and small targets, the echo signal is very weak, and the traditional lidar can not detect such a weak signal well. And now the space target detection not only needs the distance information, but also hopes to obtain more multi-dimensional information such as intensity, polarization and so on. A four-photon polarization detection system based on Gm-APD single-photon sensitivity detector is proposed. Based on the Poisson probability response model of GmAPD detector, the intensity calculation formula of the faint echo signal is deduced. Polarization information of the echo signal was calculated. The principle prototype of four-channel Gm-APD photon polarization detection system was set up in the laboratory. The detection experiment of four Gm-APD photon Stokes parameters was introduced. With an average energy of 7.78 × 10-19 J per pulse, linearity errors of 3.95% and detections of elliptical polarization error of 5.84% were obtained.