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近年来,边远贫困的民族地区学生流失现象十分严重.黔东两州1996年小学生流失3.25%,初中生流失4.84%,高中生流失3.32%,有的县中小学生流失高达8.21%至9.2%以上.有的乡学生流失多达246人,一所中学流失学生高达78人.老一代文盲半文盲尚未完全扫除,新一代的文盲大军又不断壮大.如此发展下去,“双基”何以实现?本文谨就此问题作点思考,并寻求解决的途径.边远贫困的民族地区,一般交通闭塞,崇山峻岭,村寨分散,经济文化十分落后,教学设施简陋.有的县不通电,不通公路的村在 50%以上,近二分之一的人没有跨越温饱线.自《义务教胄法》、《未成年人保护法》颁布以来,广大贫困地区义务教育取得显著成绩,85%以上的县普及了初等教育.虽然贫困县财政拮据,有的县每年还给出二十余万元用于双农困难学生的生活费和女生的书杂费.有的县又引来了世界银行贷款和联合国儿童基金,促进贫困地区女童教育项目的援助.献爱心活动和“希望工程”的开展,也解决了一些困难,使贫困地区教育有了长足的发展.
In recent years, the loss of students in remote poverty-stricken ethnic minority areas is very serious. In Qiandong Province, primary school students lost 3.25%, primary school students lost 4.84%, high school students lost 3.32%, secondary school students lost 8.21% to 9.2% Some rural students have lost as many as 246 students and a high school has lost as many as 78 students, the illiterate and semi-illiterate of the older generation has not yet been completely eradicated and the illiterate army of a new generation has grown. In this regard, in remote and impoverished ethnic areas, general traffic is blocked, mountains and villages are scattered, the economy and culture are very backward, and the teaching facilities are poor. Some counties are not energized and over 50% , Nearly one in two did not cross the food and clothing line.Since the compulsory education law and the promulgation of the Law on the Protection of Minors, the compulsory education in the vast areas has made remarkable achievements, and more than 85% of the counties have popularized primary education. Although poverty-stricken counties have financial constraints, some counties still give more than 200,000 yuan each year for the living expenses of girls and peasants living in difficulty and the book fees and charges for girls. Some counties have attracted World Bank loans and the United Nations Tong fund to promote girls’ education in poor areas of assistance programs. Social Activities and carry out the “Project Hope”, also addresses some of the difficulties, the poverty-stricken areas of education has made great progress.