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自口服避孕药和宫内节育器问世20多年来,避孕措施尚未出现重大的突破。国外学者认为避孕研究在世界范围内停滞了15年。1982年美国对未做绝育术的妇女进行调查,60%的妇女认为还没有一种令人满意的避孕方法。计划外妊娠占50%。世界上每年接受人工流产手术的妇女达5～6千万人。尽管目前国内外的避孕药具种类繁多,但尚无一种避孕药具尽人皆宜,也无一种避孕药具能一劳永逸。本文仅对国内外避孕措施研究的若干进展作一综述。一、工具避孕(一)阴道避孕海棉美国研究的阴道避孕海棉含有杀精剂壬苯醇醚。单只避孕海棉可持效24小时。自1979年起,世界上有20个诊所研究阴道避孕海棉的效果,共调查
Since the advent of oral contraceptives and IUDs over 20 years ago, there have been no major breakthroughs in contraception. Foreign scholars believe that contraception research has been stalled in the world for 15 years. In 1982, the United States investigated women who had not had sterilization and 60% of women did not think they had a satisfactory contraceptive method. Unplanned pregnancy accounted for 50%. The number of women receiving abortions in the world is between 50 and 60 million annually. Despite the wide range of contraceptives available both at home and abroad, there is no single source for contraceptives or a once and for all contraceptives. This article only reviews the progress of research on contraception at home and abroad. First, the tool contraception (A) vaginal contraceptive sponge United States study of vaginal contraceptive sponge containing spermicide nonoxynol. Single contraceptive sponge can be effective for 24 hours. Since 1979, 20 clinics in the world have studied the effects of vaginal contraceptive sponge