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目的研究2008—2015年营口市手足口病(HFMD)的流行病学及病原学特征,为该市HFMD的防控工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法对中国疾病监测信息系统中报告的HFMD监测资料和病原学检测结果进行分析。结果营口市8年累计报告HFMD 11 765例,年平均发病率为60.73/10万,重症46例,死亡4例,病死率0.03%;各年发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。每年都有1个发病高峰,主要集中在6—8月份夏秋交季,城市和郊区县发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),城市高于郊区县,各年龄组发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。各年份发病率高峰主要集中在1~3岁组,发病以散居和托幼儿童为主。8年间优势毒株依次为EV71和其他HEV、EV71、Cox A16、其他HEV、Cox A16、其他HEV、Cox A16、Cox A6。结论营口市HFMD流行危害严重,每年1个流行高峰,主要危害3岁及以下散居和幼托儿童;主要病原体逐年变迁,以其他HEV、Cox A16交替流行为主,或同时流行;多种优势型别毒株的快速交替流行,是营口地区近8年来HFMD疫情的持续高发的主要原因。
Objective To study the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of HFMD in Yingkou from 2008 to 2015 and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of HFMD in this city. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the HFMD monitoring data and the results of pathogen detection reported in China Disease Surveillance Information System. Results There were 11 765 cases of HFMD reported in Yingkou over the past 8 years, with an average annual incidence of 60.73 / 100 000, 46 cases of severe illness and 4 deaths, the case fatality rate was 0.03%. The incidence of each year was significantly different (P <0.01). Every year, there is a peak incidence, mainly in June-August summer and fall seasons, the incidence of urban and suburban counties was statistically significant (P <0.01), the city is higher than the suburban counties, the incidence of different age groups statistics Significance (P <0.01). The peak incidence of each year mainly concentrated in the 1 to 3 years old group, the incidence of diaspora and child care-based children. The dominant strains were EV71 and other HEV, EV71, Cox A16, other HEV, Cox A16, other HEV, Cox A16 and Cox A6 in 8 years. Conclusion The prevalence of HFMD in Yingkou City is serious, with one epidemic peak every year, which mainly endangers the diaspora and kindergarten children aged 3 years and below. The major pathogens change year by year with other HEV and Cox A16 alternate or predominantly, The rapid alternation of other strains is the main reason for the continued high incidence of HFMD in Yingkou over the past eight years.