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在与环境、健康与安全有关的风险治理领域,通过政策规制目标风险的同时,往往会增加或者产生次生风险,从而导致“规制已有风险又带来新风险”的政策现象。本文重点总结这种现象的成因和解决之道。该现象在政策制定体系中的成因可被总结为:①个体(包括政策制定者和政策对象)对风险的认知存在偏差,或者受到固有的思维方式的影响,从而高估或者低估某些风险;②政策制定机构因为部门分工、职责权限细化等原因,对风险较难进行综合分析;③政策制定过程中,部分利益相关方的声音未得到表达以及“灭火式”的政策制定,都会导致部分风险被忽略。解决之道之一为引入风险权衡分析,全面衡量目标风险和次生风险,从而完善环境、健康与安全领域的风险决策,使得所制定的政策能够在整体上降低风险,从而在用于风险治理的资源有限的前提下提高社会资源的合理配置。
In the field of risk management related to environment, health and safety, the risk of target regulation is often increased or generated through policy regulation, resulting in the policy phenomenon of “regulation of existing risks and new risks”. This article focuses on the causes and solutions to this phenomenon. The causes of this phenomenon in the policy-making system can be summarized as follows: ① Individuals (including policy-makers and policy objects) have some perceptions of risks or are influenced by inherent ways of thinking to overestimate or underestimate certain risks ; ② The policy-making organs are more likely to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the risks because of the division of labor and the refinement of their responsibilities and responsibilities; ③ In the policy-making process, the voices of some stakeholders have not been expressed and the policy of “extinguishing fire” Will lead to some of the risks are ignored. One of the solutions is to introduce risk trade-off analysis to comprehensively measure the target risk and secondary risk so as to improve the risk decision-making in the field of environment, health and safety, so that the policy formulated can reduce the risk as a whole, Under the premise of limited resources to improve the rational allocation of social resources.