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粘土是钻井泥浆最基本的材料。在泥浆中，它提供了基本的性能。因此，粘土质量的好坏，直接影响了其他化学处理剂的性能发挥和消耗量，更影响钻井过程中井内安全和钻进速度。过去，由于片面强调就近取土，对钻井用粘土的质量要求不严格，造成了大量的井内复杂问题。据调查表明，我国小口径岩心钻探中，尤其是绳索取心钻探一半以上的泥浆问题，都是由于粘土材料选择不当引起的。即使对泥浆比较重视的石油钻井，对优质(土般)土的选用，也不是完全明确的。当前大量使用的较优质钙(土般)土，如高阳土、安邱土等，也必须在现场加5—10％的碱活化才能造浆，其泥浆性能较差，而且加碱量也难于掌握，费工耗时，现场应用极不方便，性能大都达不到API（美国石油学会）和OCMA（欧州石油公司材料协会）两个国际标准。
Clay is the most basic material for drilling mud. In the mud, it provides the basic performance. Therefore, the quality of clay directly affects the performance and consumption of other chemical treatment agents, but also affects the well safety and drilling speed during drilling. In the past, due to the one-sided emphasis on borrowing nearby soil, the quality requirements for drilling clay were not rigorous and resulted in a large number of well-complex problems. According to the survey, small-diameter core drilling in our country, especially the drilling of more than half of the cord drilling mud problems are due to improper choice of clay material caused. Even oil drilling, where mud is valued, is not entirely clear about the selection of high quality (soils) soil. At present, more high-quality calcium (earth) -like soils, such as Gaoyangyang and Qiuqiu soil, which are widely used at present, must also be activated at the site by 5-10% alkaline activation to make slurry. Its mud performance is poor and the amount of alkali added is also difficult Mastered, time-consuming and laborious, the field application is extremely inconvenient, most of the performance failed to API (American Petroleum Institute) and OCMA (European Petroleum Materials Association) two international standards.