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以6013型铝合金为试验对象,研究了反复镦压工艺制备细晶材料,消除合金各向异性的可行性。采用金相显微镜,透射电镜研究了6013型铝合金反复镦压对合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:反复镦压使合金内部产生取向各异、彼此交错的变形带,有利于细化合金组织,经480℃,2 h的退火处理后,合金发生再结晶,合金晶粒等轴化,大小分布均匀,与未反复镦压合金组织相比,晶粒显著细化,减轻了组织各向异性;合金强度随镦压道次的增加,先降低后升高,对镦压后的合金进行T6处理(560℃,2 h+191℃,4 h),反复镦压3道次和12道次合金的硬度分别为1418.5和1503.5 MPa。研究表明:反复镦压工艺可以有效细化晶粒,消除组织各向异性,多道次镦压后,合金强度有所提高。
Taking 6013 aluminum alloy as the test object, the feasibility of preparing the fine grain material by repeated upsetting process and eliminating the anisotropy of the alloy was studied. The effects of repeated upsetting of 6013 aluminum alloy on the microstructure and properties of the alloy were studied by metallographic microscope and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the repeated deformation and deformation caused by repeated upsetting are beneficial to refine the microstructure of the alloy. After annealing at 480 ℃ for 2 h, the alloy recrystallizes and the alloy grains are equiaxed. The size distribution is uniform, compared with the non-repeated upsetting alloy, the grain refinement significantly reduces the anisotropy of the structure; the strength of the alloy increases with the increase of upsetting pressure, first decrease and then increase, the alloy after heading forging T6 treatment (560 ℃, 2 h +191 ℃, 4 h), repeated upsetting the hardness of 3 passes and 12 passes were 1418.5 and 1503.5 MPa, respectively. The research shows that the repeated upsetting process can effectively refine the grains and eliminate the anisotropy of the structure, and after several times of upsetting, the strength of the alloy is improved.