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对2008~2012年宁夏玉米高产潜力研究示范中产量突破15 000 kg/hm2的54个品次高产田群体产量构成及特征进行分析。结果表明,宁夏玉米高产田群体平均产量为16 927.01 kg/hm2,平均收获穗数为9.78万穗/hm2,穗粒数为524.38粒,千粒重为357.01 g。高产田61%品次收获穗数9.25万~10.75万穗/hm2,平均收获密度9.97万株/hm2,属高密度种植。高产田在宁夏引、扬黄灌区均有分布,主要集中在引黄灌区周边及中部干旱带扬黄新灌区,高产田46.48%选用紧凑耐密型品种,属中晚熟品种。高产田各品种花前干物质生产平均占整个生育时期总物质生产的41.7%;群体叶面积指数均为单峰曲线变化,吐丝期达峰值。高密度种植条件下,“增穗、稳粒数、增加粒重”、增加花后物质生产与高效分配、培育高质量抗倒群体是高产突破的技术途径。
The yield components and characteristics of 54 high-yielding fields whose yield exceeded 15 000 kg / hm2 in the demonstrative demonstration of their high yield potential in 2008-2012 were analyzed. The results showed that the average yield of high yielding maize population in Ningxia was 16 927.01 kg / hm2, the average number of ears harvested was 9.78 million spikes / hm2, the number of spikes was 524.38 and the weight of thousand seeds was 357.01 g. 61% of high-yielding fields harvesting ear number 92,500 ~ 107,500 spike / hm2, the average yield of 99700 plants / hm2, is a high-density cultivation. The high-yielding fields in Ningxia lead and Yanghuang irrigated areas are distributed mainly in the periphery of the Yellow River irrigated area and in the Yangzhuangxin irrigated area in the middle arid area. 46.48% of the high yielding fields are compact and densely populated, which belongs to middle-late maturing varieties. The average dry matter production of all kinds of high yielding cultivars accounted for 41.7% of the total mass production during the whole growth period. The leaf area index of all cultivars varied from single peak to peak. Under the condition of high-density planting, “increasing ear number, stabilizing grain number and increasing grain weight” will increase the material production and efficient distribution after flowering and cultivate a high quality anti-knockout population, which is a technological breakthrough of high yield.