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目的 研究人体胚胎时期小脑中突触体素及NOS阳性细胞的组织学变化.方法 用免疫组织化学、组织化学技术,对4 ~9 个月胎儿小脑皮质突触体素和NOS阳性细胞进行了观察.结果 突触体素在小脑不同层中的分布各不相同,外颗粒层4 ~9 个月均无阳性颗粒出现.4 个月时除外颗粒层各层免疫反应颗粒均很少,5 个月时中间层的染色较各层深,6 个月时分子层的颗粒沿BERGMANN 纤维方向分布,7 个月时分子层染色颗粒呈明显的网状分布,中间层、内颗粒层染色颗粒更密集,较6 个月时染色深;8 个月时蒲肯野细胞的轮廓明显可辨,阳性颗粒勾勒出蒲肯野细胞主树突轮廓.4~6 个月胎儿小脑皮质中均未见NOS阳性细胞,但可见染色的血管网;7 ~8个月小脑皮质中可见密集的NOS阳性细胞分布,但染色很浅,细胞界限不清.结论 突触体素的数量可以反映出突触发育的程度,在小脑中突触体素的数量随神经细胞的发育成熟而增多,并且在8 ~9 个月间分子层中增多最明显“,”ObjectiveSynaptophysin and NOS positive cells were studied histologically in the cerebellum of different periods of human fetus.MethodsBy immunohistochemistry and histochemistry technique,the synaptophysin and NOS positive cells of 4-9 month human fetus cerebellar cortex were observed.ResultsDistribution of synaptophysin was different in different layer of the cerebellum.In 4-9 months,the external granular layer was unstained.In 4 months,immunoreactive granules in all layers except external granular layer were scarce.In 5 months,stain of the middle layer was stronger than the other layers.In 6 months,the punctate immunoreactive product of the middle layer was distributed through the Bergmann filament ,stain of the middle layer was stronger than 5 months.In 7 months,the reactive product in the middle layer was distributed like a network,the punctate product of the middle layer and the internal granular layer was denser than 6 months.In 8 months,the profile of the Purkinje cell could be found,positive punctate products outlined the main dendrite of the Purkinje cell.In 4-6 months,no NOS positive cells were found in the cerebellar cortex,but the capillary plexus was stained .In 7-8 months,dense positive NOS cells were distributed in the cerebellar cortex,but the stain was shallow,the delimites of the cells were not clear.ConclusionThe amount of synaptophysin could reflect developing degree of the synapes in the cerebellum,synaptophysin increased with the development of the neuron cells ,and the increase was predominant in the molecular layer in 7-8 months.