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真正的乌托邦话语在20世纪西方是缄默与缺场的。被简化的乌托邦和各种反乌托邦共存。此种情形下,汤姆·莫伊兰以“批判的乌托邦”这一范畴作为重启乌托邦冲动的新路径。他在布洛赫乌托邦理论基础上为乌托邦正名,并借鉴布洛赫、马尔库塞的思想丰富了乌托邦的内涵。科幻文学是莫伊兰重启乌托邦活力的重要载体。“批判的乌托邦”是乌托邦书写面临危机时通过“自我否定”而得以重生的历史阶段。作为分期概念,它引发广泛的争议。不过,在乌托邦成颓败之势的当代西方,“批判的乌托邦”依旧以乌托邦“自我否定”的方式唤醒了一个颠覆性的乌托邦主义,实现了乌托邦精神的当代重塑。
True utopian discourse is silent and absent in the West in the twentieth century. Simplified utopia and various dystopia coexist. Under such circumstances, Tom Moeilan uses the category of “Utopia of Criticism” as a new way to restart Utopian impulses. Based on the theory of Bloch Utopia, he used the name of Utopia and borrowed the ideas of Bloch and Marcuse to enrich the utopian connotation. Science fiction literature is Moi Lan restart Utopia vitality of the important carrier. Critical Utopia is a historical stage in which utopia was born through the ’self-denial’ of crisis. As a staging concept, it caused widespread controversy. However, in the present-day western Utopia, the “critical utopia” still awakens a subversive utopianism by means of utopia and “self-denial,” and realizes the contemporary reshaping of the utopian spirit.