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学术界一般认为美国自然主义作家的命运观是悲观、消极和宿命的。但笔者认为这种观点存在偏颇之处。本文通过对美国自然主义代表作家斯蒂芬·克莱恩和杰克·伦敦作品的深入分析,认为美国自然主义作家的命运观具有鲜明的二重性,既有悲观消极的决定论成分,也有积极进取、乐观向上的因素。本研究对深入认识美国自然主义作家的命运观具有一定的积极意义。
Academics generally believe that the naturalist writers in the United States are pessimistic, negative and fateful. However, I think this view is biased. Based on an in-depth analysis of the writings of naturalist writers Stephen Kline and Jack London in the United States, this article argues that the outlook on the fate of American naturalistic writers has a distinct duality. It includes not only pessimistic negative deterministic elements but also proactive and optimistic factor. This study has some positive significance for understanding the fate of American naturalist writers.