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目的探讨噪声作业对职工健康的影响,了解噪声作业职工疾病的患病情况,分析疾病与接触工龄及年龄之间的关系。方法对济南铁路局接触噪声的职工(424人)进行健康监护和询问调查,选择不接触噪声的职工(201人)作为对照组。结果噪声作业职工的头痛(头晕)、睡眠不足、记忆力减退、情绪不稳和全身懒倦自觉症状异常率分别为15.09%、13.92%、17.92%、16.04%和17.22%,其中头痛、睡眠不足和全身懒倦异常率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。噪声作业职工的脂肪肝、胆囊息肉、胆囊结石、肾结石和高血压的患病率分别为31.84%、1.42%、2.83%、1.89%和20.52%,肝功能、听力损伤、ST-T改变、晶状体浑浊和窦性心律异常的异常率分别为24.53%、8.49%、9.43%、0.94%和16.98%;其中肝功能、听力损伤、高血压、ST-T改变和窦性心律异常的异常率高于对照组,且随着工龄增长患病率增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论生产性噪声对接触职工的生理和心理健康有一定的影响,需进一步加强应综合防治,防止职业病发生。
Objective To explore the impact of noise operation on workers’ health, to understand the prevalence of diseases among noise workers and to analyze the relationship between disease and length of service and age. Methods Health monitoring and inquiry were conducted on workers exposed to noise (424 persons) in Jinan Railway Bureau. Workers (201) who did not touch the noise were selected as the control group. Results The abnormal rates of headache (dizziness), lack of sleep, memory loss, emotional instability and generalized symptoms of noise workers were 15.09%, 13.92%, 17.92%, 16.04% and 17.22% respectively, among which the headache, lack of sleep and The rate of systemic lazyness was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence rates of fatty liver, gallbladder polyps, gallstones, kidney stones and hypertension in noise workers were 31.84%, 1.42%, 2.83%, 1.89% and 20.52%, respectively. Liver function, hearing impairment, ST- The abnormal rates of lens opacity and sinus rhythm were 24.53%, 8.49%, 9.43%, 0.94% and 16.98% respectively. The abnormal rates of liver function, hearing impairment, hypertension, ST-T changes and sinus rhythm were high In the control group, with the increase of working age, the prevalence increased, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Productive noise has certain impact on the physical and mental health of workers exposed to the disease. It is necessary to further strengthen the comprehensive prevention and treatment to prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases.