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本文是1973年诺贝尔物理奖获得者贾埃弗的得奖讲演,选自《诺贝尔奖金获得者讲演(七十年代·物理学)》一书(该书不日由知识出版社出版)。在讲演中贾埃弗讲述了他如何由一个“弹子戏和桥牌的行家、物理几乎不及格的人”,因固体中隧穿效应的发现而获得诺贝尔物理奖的过程。在结束语中,贾埃弗很有启发地说:“通向科学发现的道路很少是平坦的,但它并不要求有很多的专门知识。事实上,我确信新手常常有很多优点,因为他没有学识,并不知道为什么不应该试试某个实验的全部复杂的原因。然而,重要的是当你需要的时侯能够得到各种学科的专家的指导与帮助。”由此看来,科学发现并不要求有完整的“智力结构”,而环境和集体的因素起着相当大的作用。
This is a prize-winning lecture by Gavia, winner of the 1973 Nobel Prize in physics, from the Nobel Prize Winner Lecture (1970s, Physics), which is not yet published by Knowledge Press. In the lecture, Jia Eph tells how he won a Nobel Prize in physics from a discovery of the tunneling effect in solids by a “marcherstrider and bridge theatrical, barely physically disabled.” In conclusion, Giaffe inspired, “The path to scientific discovery is seldom flat, but it does not require a lot of expertise. In fact, I’m sure newbies often have a lot of advantages because he No knowledge, no idea why you should not try all the complexities of an experiment, but the important thing is to be guided and assisted by experts from all disciplines when you need it. ”From this, science Discovery does not require a complete “intellectual structure,” while environmental and collective factors play a significant role.