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目前,很多工厂对于鍛件的退火还是采取这样的办法:鍛件在退火温度下保温一定时間后,随爐冷到200℃或室温出爐。由于出爐温度低,占用爐子的时間和生产周期都长了。根据我們的体会,钢料的軟化退火只是在A_1以上和A_1附近保温和緩慢冷却才是必要的,在650℃以下再实行随爐冷却没有多大意义。我們曾对碳钢、低合金钢和高合金鋼进行这样的試驗:钢料退火保温后,随爐冷到600～650℃,然后分别进行水冷却、空气冷却和随爐冷却。結果証明,三种冷却方法所获得的硬度基本沒有差别(如表1)。
At present, many factories forging annealing or take such a way: forgings in the annealing temperature for a certain period of time, with the furnace cooled to 200 ℃ or baked at room temperature. Due to the low temperature, occupy the furnace time and production cycle are long. According to our experience, steel softening annealing is necessary only for insulation and slow cooling above A_1 and near A_1. It is of little consequence to cool the furnace below 650 ° C. We have conducted tests on carbon steel, low alloy steel and high alloy steel. After the steel is annealed and insulated, it is cooled down to 600-650 ° C in the furnace, and then water cooled, air cooled and furnace cooled, respectively. The results show that there is no difference between the hardness obtained by the three cooling methods (Table 1).