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低碳马氏体的研究至今已有半个多世纪的历史。早在1926年,Hanemann等就发现,在Fe-C合金中,含碳量从0.07增至1.75％时,马氏体的形态发生改变。1940年Greninger等发现低碳马氏体呈层状排列,并认为高、低碳马氏体可能有不同的形成机制。五十年代以来,国内外许多学者从形成机构,晶体学,形态学,组织特征、亚结构,相变动力学和热力学,综合机械性能等方面对低碳马氏体作了广泛深入的研究,特别是电子显微技术的应用大大促进了对低碳马氏体组织结构和形态特征的深入了解,为低碳马氏体强韧化工艺和生产应用的发展提供了理论基础。但是,无论是相变机构、组织结构或是综合机械性能等方面还有许多问题至今尚未弄清楚,尚须深入研究。
Low-carbon martensitic research so far has more than half a century of history. As early as 1926, Hanemann et al. Found that in Fe-C alloys, the martensite morphology changed when the carbon content increased from 0.07 to 1.75%. In 1940, Greninger et al. Found that low-carbon martensite was layered and believed that high and low-carbon martensite might have different mechanisms of formation. Since the 1950s, many scholars at home and abroad have made extensive and in-depth research on low-carbon martensite from the aspects of formation mechanism, crystallography, morphology, organizational features, substructure, phase transition kinetics and thermodynamics, comprehensive mechanical properties, The application of electron microscopy has greatly promoted the understanding of the structure and morphological characteristics of low-carbon martensite, providing a theoretical basis for the development of low-carbon martensite toughening process and production applications. However, many problems have not yet been clarified in terms of phase change mechanism, organizational structure or comprehensive mechanical properties, and further study is still needed.