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在装配生产中,各种不确定因素往往引起操作时间的波动,使各工位负荷不再均衡,整线节拍紊乱,导致确定型装配线平衡方案失效。针对此问题,本文提出一种操作时间不确定的装配线平衡方法。首先,以操作时间的概率分布描述其波动情况,进而基于信息熵提出一种工位复杂性测度方法。在此基础上,建立以平衡率最高、工位负荷均衡、工位复杂度均衡为目标的线平衡优化模型。然后,设计一种改进遗传算法对其进行求解,并通过实例验证模型及算法的有效性。研究结果表明,所提方法能在保证整线平衡率和工位负荷均衡的同时,均衡各工位复杂度,降低不确定性因素对生产过程的影响,保证装配线生产平稳运行。
In assembly production, various uncertain factors often cause fluctuations in operating time, so that the load is no longer balanced stations, the entire line beat disorder, resulting in failure of the fixed assembly line balance program. To solve this problem, this paper presents an assembly line balancing method with uncertain operating time. First of all, the fluctuation of operation time is described by its probability distribution, and then a measure of station complexity is proposed based on information entropy. On this basis, the paper establishes a line balance optimization model with the goal of maximizing the equilibrium rate, station load balance and station complexity. Then, we design an improved genetic algorithm to solve it, and verify the validity of the model and algorithm through examples. The results show that the proposed method can balance the entire station balance and station load balance, balance the complexity of each station, reduce the impact of uncertain factors on the production process, and ensure the smooth operation of assembly line production.